Neuromuscular Junction

Neuromuscular Junctions...

              In this comic that we have created we are talking about the muscles contract and relax. What causes these movements? Well muscles are controlled by the nervous system, which is run by nerve cells. All of these are attached they are then a stimulation, this is know as a motor unit.

This is step one where the nerve pulse reaches a synaptic end bulb, it triggers release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.  

The motor end plate contains receptors onto the free acetylcholine "ACh." This then causes ion channels to open and allow the sodium ions to then flow across the membrane into the muscle cell.  

This is the generation of muscle action potential.

Lastly this shows the breakdown of ACh.  This occurs within the synaptic cleft. 

GIANTS & midgets

SKELETON LABELING CONTEST

  

On our skeleton labeling contest we did good I would say. As a group we label 79 parts on our skeleton. As in individual I could have done more on my part to label more of the spinal core to help my group out. The spinal core is divided into five parts; Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral, and Coccygeal. Even though we didn't win we  did good overall.

Integumentary System

       The integumentary system has three major regions; Epidermis, Dermis, and Hypodermis. The epidermis is composed of keratintized stratified squamous epithelium, consisting of four distinct cell types and four or five layers. This layer is the outer portion of the skin, its exposed to the external environment and functions in protection. The dermis is the second major skin region containing strong, flexible connective tissue. It is composed of two layers; papillary and reticular. Then the hypodermis is the subcutaneous layer deep to the skin. It is composed of adipose and areolar connective tissue. Here are a couple of power points that we have done about the integumentary system. 

Histology lab

Research

              In the page shown below it talks about this lady who grows a new ear on her arm. Crazy I think, but Doctors at John Hopkins have attached a new ear to a patient that was grown on her own forearm. She is the first patient to receive a new procedure that uses rib cartilage to build an entirely new ear. After they build it up they placed it under her skin of her arm to grow. It seems to have been successful. She is going to have a normal looking ear build up with her own cells.
 http://gizmodo.com/5946943/woman-grows-a-new-ear-on-her-arm-has-it-attached-to-her-head-warning-graphic
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           In this video they talk about how people wouldn't have to wait for anymore transplants because doctors are building up human organs up with the persons own cells. It talks about how 20 people die each day waiting for a transplant and how there is over a hundred thousand people waiting to get a transplant. The organ has to come together and work together. Most body parts will be replaceable. In the video it show this rat who has a human ear on his back, which is gowning perfect cartilage.  It also talk about how your body won't reject it because its your own cells.

Epithelial Tissu

Stratified Cuboidal and Columnar, Stratified cuboidal is rare in the body, found in some sweat and mammary glands , usually two cell layers thick. Stratified columnar limited distribution in the body, is found in the pharynx, male urethra, and lining some glandular ducts, and occurs at transition areas between two other types of epithelia 

Stratified Squamous, Its a thick membrane composed of several layers of cells. Function in protection of underlying areas subjected to abrasion. forms the external part of the skin's epidermis, and lining of the esophagus mouth, and vagina. 

Simple Columnar, its a single layer of tall cells with oval nuclei, many contain cilia. You can usually find goblet cells in this layer. Function in absorption and secretion. Non ciliated type line digestive tract and gallbladder. Ciliated type line small bronchi, uterine tubes, and some regions of the uterus. cilia help move substances throughout internal passageway. 

Simple Cuboidal, single layer of cube like cells with large, spherical central nuclei. The function in secretion and absorption. Present in the kidney tubules, ducts and secretory portions of small glands, and ovary surface. 

Transitional, Has several cell layers, basal cells are cuboidal, surface cells are dome shaped, Stretches to permit the dissension of the urinary bladder,  Lines the urinary bladder, ureters, and part of the urethra.  

Simple Squamous, single layer of flattened cells with disc-shaped central nuclei and sparse cytoplasm.  The functions, diffusion and filtration. Present in the kidney glomeruli, lining of heart, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and serosae. 

Pseudo-statified Columnar,  single layer of cells with different heights; some do not reach the free surfaces, The nuclei are seen in different layers, Function in secretion and propulsion of mucus, It is present in male sperm- carrying ducts and trachea. 

Organization of the Body

Anatomy Respiration Experiment

Here is our experiment.
 

Homeostasis

    What is homeostasis? Homeostasis is the ability to maintain a relatively stable internal environment in an ever-changing outside world. In other words, it'ns how your body balances with the thing around you.

       In the video we watch, it deals with homeostasis. It had shown these runner, as they ran 42 kilometer. They  were tracking this lady in the race, they tracked her glucose, temperature, heart rate, and weight. Then it showed how homeostasis help her in the race. Homeostasis help by taking the blood to where it was needed (evening out), letting her sweat so she could stay cooled off as she ran, and kept her going.

Like in most things there is a negative and a positive feedback. The negative feedback happens to go the opposite way. This systems output shut off the original stimulus. The positive feedback counties going the same way. In this feedback the output enhances or exaggerates the original stimulus. When homeostatic is imbalance it effects the body's normal equilibrium. When there is more negative feedback mechanisms allows destructives of the positive feedback mechanisms to take over.